BJD stands for Ball Jointed Dolls and ABJD is specifically Asian Ball Jointed Dolls.
Hard to say where exactly and when they originated, but I think it's safe to assume that the modern BJDs are strongly inspired by antique Bisque dolls:
The japanese company Volks came up with the "Super Dollfie" line in 1999 and the popularity of BJDs has spread worldwide ever since. The biggest companies are from Japan, Korea and China, but smaller companies with more limited doll numbers from France and Russia are also very popular among collectors.
BJD sizes go from a few centimeters up to human size, but the most common sizes are ~25, ~40, ~60, and ~70cm.
BJDs are made out of polyurethane resin and strung together with a system of elastics and hooks. All the pieces of a BJD are hollow for that reason. The stringing can vary from company to company but they usually all follow the same logic: One string goes from the necks to both feet and a second string from one hand to the other, through the arms and torso.
I am currently looking into BJD stringing system and tension to make my experimental animation.
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